GLOSSARY

D – glossary           (  E   :  F  :  G   :  H  :  I   : J  )

DADO PAPER
Wallcovering usually covering the lower part of a wall and generally ending at chair-rail height.

DESCENT CONTROL
A descent control device works like a rope grab, but also has a mechanism that allows a worker who has fallen and is hanging from a lifeline to unlock the grabbing device and slowly descend to the ground or the surface below.

DECORATIVE PAINTING
Architectural painting; aesthetic painting; painting for appearance rather than for protection.

DEHUMIDIFY
To reduce, by any process, the quantity of water vapor in the atmosphere within a given space.

DELAMINATION
The separation of a coat or coats of paint from the previous coat or from the base substrate.

DENSITY
Mass per unit volume. The density of paint is usually expressed as pounds per gallon.

DETAIL SANDER
A power tool with a small, oscillating sanding pad attached to a handle for smoothing otherwise inaccessible corners and edges.

DETERGENT
A synthetic organic cleaning agent that is liquid- or water-soluble and has wetting agent and emulsifying properties.

DEW POINT
The temperature at which air becomes saturated with water, that is, when the air is at 100 percent relative humidity. Below this temperature, moisture will condense and produce dew or fog. As air is cooled, the amount of water vapor it can hold decreases. If air is cooled sufficiently, actual water vapor pressure equals saturation water vapor pressure, and any further cooling normally results in the condensation of moisture.

DILUENT
A volatile liquid that is not a solvent for the nonvolatile parts of a coating, but that is used to lower viscosity and to give other desirable properties to the coating.

DIMPLE
Impression in drywall board formed by the crowned head of a hammer without breaking the paper facing.

DIP COATING
Method of applying a coating in which the substrate is dipped into a container of coating and then withdrawn. The excess coating that drains off can be collected and recycled. This method is used in factories to coat small, difficult to paint, or fabricated assemblies.

DISBONDING
Intercoat disbonding is the failure of a coating to adhere to a previous coating layer or to the substrate to which it has been applied. Intracoat disbonding is the failure of a coating layer to cohere or hold itself together.

DISC SANDER
A power tool that uses a revolving, flat, circular, abrasive disc to remove heavy coatings and other contaminants from the surface.

DISCOLOURATION
Change in the colour of a coating after application, normally caused by exposure to sunlight or chemical atmospheres.

DISPERSION
Process of dispersing a dry powder or pigments in a liquid medium in such a way that the individual particles become separated from one another and are reasonably evenly distributed throughout the entire liquid medium. This usually is accomplished by rapid, high-shear mixing or agitation.

DISPERSION AGENT
Additive used in paint to increase the stability of a suspension of powder or pigment in a liquid medium (vehicle).

DOUBLE CUT SEAM
A double cut seam is made by overlapping two strips of wallcovering, then cutting through both strips at the same time, and removing the overlapping and underlapping pieces.

DOUBLE ROLL
A roll of wallcovering containing the surface area equivalent of two single rolls.

DRAG
The resistance of paint to being spread by a brush. Paint with a lot of drag is hard to work with a brush.

DRIER
Compound of certain metals that accelerates the drying action of oil-based paints and varnishes. Most of these are solutions of metallic soaps in oils and volatile solvents.

DROP
A vertical descent of a scaffold.

DROP CLOTH
A large piece of fabric or plastic used by a painter to protect furniture, rugs, and other articles from damage; also used over bushes and shrubs.

DRY AIR
Air containing a level of water vapor that is significantly below (40 percent or more) its maximum concentration for the prevailing temperature and pressure.

DRY COLOURS
Powder-type colors to be mixed with water, alcohol or mineral spirits and resin to form a paint or stain.

DRY FALL/FOG COATING
A coating specially formulated with a solvent system that will evaporate after spray application in the time required for overspray to freely fall 9 to 13 feet. These coatings are designed for application to interior or exterior surfaces where overspray or contamination from paint fallout can become a problem.

DRY FILM THICKNESS
Thickness of applied coating when dry; expressed in mils.

DRYING OIL
An oil that can readily take oxygen from the air and change to a relatively hard, tough, elastic substance when exposed to air in a thin film. Vegetable oils that are drying oils used in paints include linseed, tung, soybean, dehydrated caster, and oiticica oils.

DRYING TIME
Time required for an applied film of a coating to reach the desired stage of cure, hardness, or nontackiness.

DRY SPRAY
A rough, powdery, non-coherent film produced when an atomized coating partially dries before reaching the intended surface.

DRY-TO-HANDLE TIME
The drying time needed for a film of paint or varnish to harden sufficiently so that is can be handled without marring.

DRY-TO-RECOAT TIME
The drying time required between the applications of successive coats of paint or varnish.

DRY-TO-TOUCH TIME
The drying time needed for a film of paint or varnish to harden sufficiently so that it is tack free when touched lightly.

DRYWALL
A generic term referring to various types of gypsum wallboards that are assembled to form a complete wall product.

DRYWALL NAIL
Nail specially coated with cement or made with concentric rings and grooves for securely attaching drywall panels to framing.

DRYWALL TYPES
In addition to regular drywall, which is suitable for most uses, the following other types of panels are available: 1.) WATER- RESISTANT DRYWALL—A drywall made for use as tile backing in high-moisture areas, such as kitchens and baths. 2.) FOIL-BACKED DRYWALL—A drywall designed to form a vapor barrier when the foil side faces the framing. 3.) TYPE X DRYWALL—A drywall that is treated to be more fire-retardant than regular drywall. 4.) EXTERIOR SOFFIT DRYWALL—A drywall made for eaves, soffit, ceilings of porches or patios, and other exterior areas not directly exposed to weather. 5.) PREDECORATED DRYWALL—A drywall that has paint or wallcovering applied during the manufacturing process. 6.) BACKING BOARD—A drywall designed for use as a base layer for multiply constructions.

DULL FINISH
Paint having almost a dead flat finish.

DULL RUBBING
Act of rubbing a dried film of finishing material to a dull finish, usually with abrasive materials such as pumice, rottenstone, or steel wool moistened with oil or water.

DUST FREE
A film of paint is "dust free" when dust no longer adheres to it.

DUTCH METAL
Thin leaves of bright brass used for overlaying in the same manner in which gold leaf is applied.

DWELL TIME
The time that a blasting nozzle remains pointed at any spot on the surface being cleaned. Loose contaminants and paint require a shorter dwell time to remove than tightly adherent materials.

DYE
A material used for dyeing or staining, usually dissolved in oil, water, or alcohol.

E – glossary

EARTH PIGMENTS
Those pigments that are obtained from the earth, including barytes, ocher, chalk and graphite.

EDGE CRACKING
Cracks in the edges of drywall joints as a result of extreme drying conditions, such as high temperature and low humidity. A skim coat of joint compound usually will cover these cracks.

EFFLORESCENCE
A deposit of water-soluble salts on the surface of masonry or plaster caused by the dissolving of salts present in the substrate, migration of the solution to the surface, and evaporation of the water. A white crystalline or powdery deposit on the surface of concrete, resulting from leaching of lime or calcium hydroxide out of a permeable concrete mass over time by water, followed by reaction with carbon dioxide and acidic pollutants.

EGG SHELL LUSTER
Luster closely resembling that of an egg shell; between semi-gloss and flat.

ELASTICITY
Property of a film that permits it to stretch or change in size and shape, returning to normal conditions without breaking during the distortion. Elasticity should not be confused with toughness, tensile strength, or elongation, which have different meanings.

ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYING
A method of applying a spray coating in which opposite electrical charges are applied to the substrate and the coating. The charged particles of paint are attracted to the article being painted and are deposited there. The mist travels around corners of the substrate with the result that the article is coated more uniformly on all sides and edges with very little overspray and bounce back.

EMBOSSING
A raised effect created by impressing a design on the back of wallcovering by means of metal rollers.

EMBRITTLEMENT
The process of becoming brittle. Becoming hard and rigid but with little tensile strength and breaking with a comparatively smooth fracture.

EMERY CLOTH
Similar to sandpaper except that the abrasive is applied to cloth instead of paper.

EMULSIFICATION
The process of dispersing one liquid in another.

EMULSIFYING AGENT
A substance, called a surfactant, that intimately mixes, modifies the surface tension of colloidal droplets, and disperses dissimilar materials that are ordinarily immiscible, such as oil and water, to produce a stable emulsion.

EMULSION
Two-phase liquid system in which small droplets of one liquid (the internal phase) are immiscible in and uniformly dispersed throughout a second continuous liquid phase (the external phase).

EMULSION PAINT
A paint with a vehicle that is an emulsion of binder in water. The binder may be oil, oleoresinous varnish, resin, or other emulsifiable material.

ENAMEL
A paint characterized by an ability to form an especially smooth film. The line of distinction between enamel and oil paints is very indefinite. An enamel is usually high in gloss and pigmented with high-hiding pigments only. It also has a low pigment volume.

END SEAL
Paint applied to the ends of boards in order to seal the pores to prevent the entrance of moisture that would cause decay and affect the paint film.

EPOXY AMINE ADDUCT
An epoxy amine adduct coating is prepared by reacting an exess of an amine with a portion of the epoxy resin. The amine adduct is packaged in a separate container and then mixed with the remaining epoxy resin prior to application.

EPOXY ESTER COATING
A single package epoxy coating based on epoxy resins partially esterified with fatty acids, rosin, etc.

EPOXY POLYAMIDE
An epoxy resin cross-linked with polyamides; also called amide-cured epoxy resin.

EPOXY POLYAMINE
An epoxy resin cross-linked with polyamines; also called amine-cured epoxy resin.

EPOXY RESIN
A synthetic cross-linking of resins based on the reactivity of the epoxide group.

EROSION
Wearing away of a paint film to expose the substrate or undercoat.

ESTER SOLVENT
Organic solvents formed from an alcohol and an organic acid by eliminating water.

ETCH
To wear away or roughen a surface with an acid or other chemical agent or with a fine abrasive prior to painting to increase adhesion; to prepare the surface of metal or concrete using acids.

ETCH PRIMER
Acid-modified polyvinyl butyral zinc chromate paint used for metal preparation; also called wash primer.

EXTENDED PIGMENT
Organic colour pigment diluted with an extender pigment (for example, alumina trihydrate, blanc fixe, or calcium carbonate).

EXTENDER PIGMENT
Colourless pigment incorporated into a vehicle system to reduce cost, achieve durability, alter appearance, change gloss, control rheology, and influence other coating properties. Extender pigments have low hiding power, however. Examples include mica, alumina, carbonates, sulfates, and silicates.

F - glossary

FABRIC
A general term to describe woven material (usually cotton) used as a backing for vinyl wallcoverings.

FACE LAYER
Exposed layer of gypsum wallboard in multiply construction.

FADING
Lightening of the colour of a pigmented paint following exposure to the effects of light, heat, time, temperature, chemicals, etc.

FAN PATTERN
Shape of area where atomized paint is deposited during air or airless spray application.

FAST DRYING
A paint that is ready for recoating in less than 24 hours.

FAST SOLVENT
Solvent that evaporates rapidly under the application conditions (ambient temperature).

FAUX FINISHING
A technique for finishing a surface to look like another material. Faux finishing can make the plain look fancy, metal look like wood, pine look like oak. It can simulate the appearance of marble, leather, and parchment, as well as stone finishes, gems, and fibers.

FEATHERING
Reducing the thickness of the edge of dry paint film (e.g., the edge of a damaged area) prior to repainting.

FIELD PAINTING
Surface preparation and/or application of paint to structural steel or other materials at a project site rather than in a shop.

FILLER
A thick, pigmented composition for filling the pores or irregularities in a surface prior to application of other finishes; used to fill open-pore woods such as oak or walnut before applying paint or varnish.

FILM
A layer or coat of material applied to a surface.

FILM BUILD
The flow properties of a liquid coating that determine the film thickness achievable in a single coat without producing runs, sags, or other film defects.

FILM FORMATION MECHANISM
The nature of the binder and its method of drying or curing determines the mechanism of film formation. The most common mechanisms for coatings are oxidation, solvent evaporation, and polymerization.

FILM FORMER
A material capable of being applied to form a continuous dry film.

FILM INTEGRITY
Degree of continuity of coating film. Coatings with no or very few defects have a high degree of film integrity.

FILM THICKNESS
The wet or dry thickness of a coating on a substrate.

FILM THICKNESS GAUGE
A tool used to measure the wet or dry film thickness of a coating.

FINISH COAT
The last coat applied in a painting operation. A finish coat is formulated specifically for environmental resistance and appearance.

FIRE-RETARDANT (FIRE-RESISTANT) COATING
A coating that will do one or more of the following: 1.) reduce the flame spread on the substrate over which the coating is applied; 2.) resist ignition of the substrate when exposed to high temperature; or 3.) insulate the substrate and thereby prolong the time required to reach its ignition, melting, or structural-weakening temperature.

FIRST LAYER
Base layer of gypsum wallboard attached to framing members in multiply construction.

FISH EYE
A defect that forms small dimples resembling fish eyes in a coating film.

FLAKING
Detachment of pieces of coating film, either from the substrate or from the previously applied coating.

FLAME SPRAYING
The spray application of a coating whereby metal wire, metallic powder, or thermoplastic powder is melted using a spray gun with a torch-like flame and then sprayed with compressed air.

FLAMMABILITY
Measure of the ease of catching fire and the capability of burning. This word is preferred to the word "inflammability," which is sometimes interpreted as not flammable.

FLASHING
The non-uniform appearance of walls or other surfaces on which a coating dries with spotty differences in colour or gloss, usually due to improper sealing of porous areas.

FLASH POINT
The lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with the air near the surface of the liquid or within the container.

FLASH RUSTING
Rusting that occurs on metal within minutes to a few hours after exposure to moisture.

FLAT APPLICATOR
A rectangular-shaped flat pad with an attached handle that is used to paint shingles, shakes, and other surfaces.

FLAT PAINT
A type of paint having no luster or gloss in the dried film.

FLAT VARNISH
Varnish made with reduced gloss by the addition of finely divided silica or other pigments. Alternately, a glossy varnished surface can be dulled by rubbing with fine sandpaper, pumice, or stone.

FLEXIBILITY
The ability of a cured coating to conform to the movement or deformation of its supporting surface without cracking or flaking.

FLOATING
The separation of pigments and/or colourants on a coating’s surface.

FLOATING BUTT JOINT
Placing gypsum drywall panels so that butt joints occur between framing members.

FLOOR AND DECK ENAMEL
An enamel designed for excellent abrasion resistance and smooth surfaces. Because it is rarely applied to vertical surfaces, it is made with maximum flow to insure good leveling.

FLOOR TOPPING
A special coating applied to a concrete floor to protect it from harsh chemicals, abrasive and mechanical wear, and other detrimental conditions.

FLORAL STRIPE
Striped wallcovering pattern in which flower motifs are introduced.

FLORAL
Wallcovering whose designs feature flowers and foliage, usually in natural colours and not conventionalized.

FLOW AGENT
Compound added to a paint to improve the flow properties of the coating after application.

FLOW COATING
A coating of paint that is poured or flowed over an object. Any excess is allowed to drain off and may be reusable. This procedure is used to coat the interiors of pipes and small vessels and the exteriors of surfaces inaccessible by other application methods.

FLOWING VARNISH
A varnish designed to produce a smooth, lustrous surface without rubbing or polishing.

FLOW-OUT
The degree to which a wet paint film can flow (level) after application so as to eliminate brush or roller marks, orange peel from spraying, or other film irregularities and produce a uniform coating surface on drying.

FLUID TIP
The orifice end of a spray gun in which the needle is seated. [Master Painter’s Glossary.]

FOIL
Thin, flexible sheets of wallcovering adhered to a paper or fabric back. Can be printed with clear or opaque materials to resemble various finishes.

FORCED DRY
Baking the paint between room temperature and 150ø F to speed the drying process.

FOREIGN MATTER
Insoluble foreign particles such as sand, lint, dust, and dirt that get mixed with the coating material before, during, or after application, causing the formation of raised specks in the dried film.

FORM RELEASE AGENT
Compound such as petroleum oil, wax, or silicone that is applied to concrete forms to allow easy removal from poured concrete after it has cured.

FRACTURE
A break in the face paper of gypsum wallboard that requires identical treatment as joints.

FULL COAT
Application of a coating at the full specified film thickness designed to achieve a desired effect.

FUNGICIDE
An additive used to enhance a coating’s ability to resist fungus growth that can cause discolouration and ultimately decompose the binding medium.

G - glossary

GALVANIC CELL
When dissimilar metals or alloys are in contact with the same body of an electrolytic solution such as sea water, a galvanic cell can be created by electrically connecting the dissimilar metals. A current then flows, accelerating the corrosion of the more active metal and preventing the corrosion of the less active metal until the more active metal is completely consumed.

GALVANIC CORROSION
A process produced by a cell consisting of dissimilar metals or alloys in contact with the same body of an electrolytic solution such as sea water. Upon electrically connecting the dissimilar metals, a current flows, producing accelerated corrosion of the more active of the dissimilar metals or alloys.

GALVANIC PROTECTION
The selective use of galvanic corrosion to protect one metal from deterioration by connecting it to another more active (electrically negative), sacrificial metal. Both metals must be in contact with the same body of an electrolytic solution such as sea water. Zinc, magnesium, or aluminum can be used as sacrificial metals for the galvanic protection of steel.

GALVANIZING
Application of a zinc coating on steel by dipping it in molten zinc or by depositing zinc on the steel electrolytically.

GELLING
Any process whereby paint or varnish thickens to jelly-like consistency.

GENERIC
Belonging to a particular family, without brand name; non-proprietary.

GILDING
Process of applying metal leaf (metal hammered into very thin sheets) for decorative effects. Gold, palladium, brass, and aluminum are metals commonly used in gilding wood, metal, plaster, glass, and other surfaces.

GLAZING
A process of applying transparent or translucent coatings over a painted surface to produce blended effects of their colours.

GLAZING COMPOUND
A dough-like material consisting of pigment and vehicle, used for sealing window glass in frames. It differs from putty in that it retains its plasticity for an extended period.

GLOSS
The degree to which a surface reflects visual images. Gloss is a direct function of coating formulation.

GLOSS METER
A device for measuring the light reflectance of coatings.

GLOSS RETENTION
Ability to retain original sheen.

GLYCOL ETHER SOLVENT
This organic solvent is a subcategory of an ester solvent. Glycol ether solvents used in paints include ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Cellosolve), ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (Cellosolve acetate), and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate.

GOLD LEAF
Gold pounded into extremely thin sheets or ribbons for use in gilding.

GRAIN RAISING
Swelling of the fibers of wood caused by absorbed liquids, especially water.

GRAININESS
Roughness of a protective film resembling grains of sand.

GRAINING
Simulating the grain of wood by means of specially prepared colours or stains and graining tools.

GRASSCLOTH
A wallcovering made by gluing woven native grasses onto a paper backing; also machine-printed wallcoverings that simulate grasscloth.

GRIT
An abrasive obtained from slag, naturally occurring minerals, steel, and various other materials.

GROUND COAT
The coating material applied before graining colours, glazing, or other finish coat.

GUIDE COAT
A coat similar to the finish coat but of different colour. It is applied first and then topped with the finish coat to assure complete coverage.

GYPSUM
The principal core material in drywall panels, consisting chemically of hydrous calcium sulfate.

GYPSUM BACKING BOARD
Gypsum panel used as a base layer in multiply construction.

GYPSUM WALLBOARD
A mill-fabricated construction panel, usually 4 by 8 feet in dimension, made of a noncombustible core, essentially gypsum.

GYPSUM WALLBOARD CONSTRUCTION
Attachment of drywall panels to framing in one or more layers to form walls and ceilings.

H - glossary

HALF-SHEET SANDER
A power tool with a flat, rectangular pad to which a half sheet of sandpaper is clamped. Half-sheet sanders work well on large, flat surfaces.

HARDENER
Additive (cross-linking agent, resin, or other modifier) used to promote or control the hardening or curing reaction of a coating or resin system.

HAZARD
A danger that may result in personal injury or death when a substance or object is used in a particular quantity or manner or a procedure is done without regard for safe working practices. Hazards present in painting operations include toxic substances, materials that can ignite and/or explode, electrocution, falls, confined spaces, hand- and power-operated equipment, lead paint removal, etc.

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE
A substance that, by reason of being explosive, flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, or otherwise harmful, is likely to cause death or injury when misused.

HEAT AGING
The deterioration of a coating, wallcovering, or other material as a result of exposure to elevated temperatures.

HEAT GUN
A tool used to blow very hot air onto a painted surface to soften the paint film for easy removal with a scraper. A heat gun should be used with care; it can be a fire hazard when used improperly.

HEAT RESISTANCE
The ability of a coating to resist deterioration when exposed continuously or periodically to high temperatures at or below a given level, which depends on the binder type and other coating ingredients.

HEAT STRIPPING
Use of a heat gun to soften existing paint film for removal by scraping.

HEATER
A heater is used to control the viscosity of coating materials for plural-component, airless, and sometimes air spraying systems. Heaters can be placed in the supply container, in the supply hose (in-line), or both.

HEAVY-CENTERED SPRAY PATTERN
An uneven spray pattern having more coating in the center and less at the edges.

HEPA FILTER
An air filter that removes 99.97 percent of all particles larger than 0.3 micron.

HEPA VACUUM
High-efficiency particulate air-filtered vacuum designed to remove lead- contaminated dust.

HIDING PIGMENT
Pigment with a high refractive index to give a coating the most hiding power. Rutile titanium dioxide, anatase titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, and zinc oxide are materials with high refractive indices.

HIDING POWER
The ability of a coat of paint, which has been properly applied, to hide a surface or a previous coating on that surface.

HIGH BUILD COATING
A coating designed to be applied thicker (usually 5 mils or more) than most paint films and thinner (about 30 mils or less) than most trowel-applied coatings.

HIGH EFFICIENCY PARTICULATE AIR (HEPA) FILTER
An air filter that removes 99.97 percent of all particles larger than 0.3 micron.

HIGH FLASH (HI-FLASH) NAPHTHA
A hydrocarbon solvent mixture composed primarily of aromatic compounds and having a flash point above 113 degrees F.

HIGH GLOSS
The sheen on dry finish that is full gloss.

HIGH SOLIDS COATING
A coating with considerably higher nonvolatile matter (NVM) than conventional.

HIGH VOLUME-LOW PRESSURE SPRAYING
HVLP spraying uses a high volume of air delivered at a low pressure to atomize paint into a lower velocity stream than conventional air spraying. The resulting "soft" spray does not bounce off the substrate or blow by it as readily as conventional air spray does.

HOLIDAY
A spot on a painted surface that was missed and not covered by one or more coats of paint.

HOLIDAY DETECTOR
An instrument using electric current (low voltage, high voltage or AC electrostatic) to detect nicks, scrapes, pinholes, or weak spots in a protective coating film.

HOT MELT APPLICATION
The application of a coating that has been heated to reduce its viscosity. Hot melts can be applied by mop or swab, by brush, roller, or by flow coating.

HOT SPOT
A spot in plaster that results from improper mixing. If paint is applied over a hot spot, a chemical reaction causes "burning," which damages the paint film. Hot spots must be coated with primer before painting.

HOT SPRAYING
The spray application of a coating that has been heated to reduce its viscosity.

HUE
The name of a colour, such as red, blue, or orange.

HUMP JOINT
Raised joint caused by excessive application of joint compound by hand or machine.

HVLP SPRAYING
HVLP (high volume-low pressure) spraying uses a high volume of air delivered at a low pressure to atomize paint into a lower velocity stream than conventional air spraying.

HYDRAULIC SPRAYING
A coating application system that uses hydraulic pressure instead of air to atomize the paint. Atomization is achieved by forcing the paint at high pressure (2,000 to 3,000 p.s.i.) through a spray nozzle with a small orifice (opening).

HYDROBLASTING
Directing jets of pressurized water against a surface to remove paint and debris. Water jetting is typically classified as either high-pressure (10,000 to 25,000 p.s.i.) or ultra high-pressure (25,000 p.s.i. or greater).

HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
Aliphatic, aromatic, or cyclic (cycloparaffinic, naphthenic) solvent consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Sometimes the term hydrocarbon is used loosely (but incorrectly) to refer to any organic compound.

HYDROLYSIS
The process of curing by reacting with water either directly applied or obtained as vapor from the atmosphere.

I – glossary

IMBEDDING
The application of tape in joint compound as the first step in joint treatment.

IMMISCIBLE
Not miscible (mixable). A quality of any liquid that will not mix with another specified liquid, in which case it forms two separate layers or exhibits cloudiness or turbidity.

IMPACT RESISTANCE
A measure of resistance to a blow; ability to resist deformation from impact.

IMPACT TOOL
A power tool that cleans by striking a surface.

INCOMPATIBILITY
Inability of a material to mix with another material without compromising its original properties.

INDUCTION TIME
The time interval that must elapse after mixing the components of a multicomponent paint before application can begin.

INERT
A material that will not react chemically with other ingredients.

INHIBITIVE PIGMENT
A pigment that when formulated into a coating provides active corrosion inhibition to a metal substrate or inhibits some other undesirable effect.

INHIBITOR
General term for compounds or materials that slow down or stop an undesired chemical reaction such as oxidation, corrosion, drying, skinning, mildew growth, etc.

INORGANIC ZINC-RICH COATING
Anti-corrosive primer for iron and steel incorporating zinc dust pigment in an inorganic silicate vehicle.

IN-PLACE MANAGEMENT
A series of steps used as an alternative to lead-based paint removal. Improves condition of intact lead-based paint to reduce and/or eliminate hazards without total removal.

INTERCOAT ADHESION
Adhesion between successive coats of paint or a coat of paint and the base substrate.

INTERCOAT CONTAMINATION
Presence of a contaminant between coats of paint.

INTERCOAT DISBONDING
Failure of a coating to adhere to a previous coating layer or to the base substrate.

INTERIOR VARNISH
A clean coating designed specifically for use on interior surfaces. Floor varnishes are characterized by a high resistance to abrasion in order to withstand foot traffic.

INTERMEDIATE COAT
One of more coats of paint between the primer coat and the finish coat.

INTRACOAT ADHESION
Cohesion within a coat of paint; the ability of a paint film to hold itself together.

INTRACOAT DISBONDING
Failure of a coating layer to cohere or hold itself together.

INTUMESCENT COATING
A fire-retardant coating that, when heated, forms a foam produced by nonflammable gases, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia. This results in a thick, highly insulating layer of carbon (about 50 times as thick as the original coating) that serves to protect the coated substrate from fire.

ISOCYANATE
A compound containing the chemical group -N=C=O. When the isocyanate groups are cross-linked with a hydroxyl-containing material (polyol), a urethane polymer is formed.

J – glossary

J-CLAMP
An oval metal ring used along with J-clamps to clamp a loop of wire rope when connecting it to rigging devices.

JOB STANDARD
The minimum acceptable standard of quality for a coatings project established prior to beginning the work.

JOINT COMPOUND
A patching material used in drywall finishing. Joint compound comes in both dry powder and pre-mixed paste.

JOINT RIDGING OR BEADING
Slight bead or protrusion occurring in center of finished drywall joint, usually caused by insufficient drying of successive applications of joint compound.

JOINT TAPE
A mending tape usually embedded in joint compound to conceal and smooth the joint between drywall panels. It can be made of paper, woven glass, fiber, or cloth.

JOURNEYMAN PAINTER
A painter with training and experience as an apprentice.

JUXTAPOSITION OF COLOURS
Placing colours side by side, or close together. Complementary colours, such as blue and orange accentuate each other in juxtaposition.